Which of the following is true about a framework for proactive interventions to improve school outcomes?

• A. Single-tiered remediation plan
• B. Reactive disciplinary measures
• C. Isolate counseling from classroom learning
• D. Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS)

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is a proactive, school-wide framework that uses teaching, modeling, and reinforcement of expected behaviors, guided by data, to improve student outcomes. Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS) fits this best because it is designed as an integrated, multi-tier system implemented across the entire school to prevent problems before they occur and to support students at different levels as needed.

PBIS starts with universal expectations—clear behaviors taught to all students in all settings—then provides targeted supports for students who need more help, and intensive supports for a smaller group with greater needs. It emphasizes teaching appropriate behavior in the classroom, consistently reinforcing it, and using data to monitor progress and adjust strategies. This creates a positive school climate, reduces disciplinary incidents, and supports academic learning by keeping students engaged and on task.

In contrast, a single-tier remediation plan focuses only on remediation for some students after issues arise and doesn’t provide the broad, preventive structure. Reactive disciplinary measures address problems after they happen and miss opportunities to prevent them. Isolating counseling from classroom learning breaks the integration that PBIS promotes, where behavioral supports are woven into everyday teaching.